Binary is the most basic representation of data in computing, using only 0s and 1s.

• Each bit can only be 0 or 1
• Forms the foundation of all digital systems
• Usually grouped in 8-bit bytes
• Can be represented with a prefix like '0b101010'

Hexadecimal uses 16 symbols: 0-9 and A-F (or a-f), widely used in programming and computer science.

• Uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F (or a-f)
• Commonly used for memory addresses and color values
• Each hex digit represents 4 binary bits
• Often uses '0x' prefix, such as '0x1A3F'